Kidney donation is a life-saving gift, but not everyone is eligible to become a donor. Understanding what would disqualify you from donating a kidney is crucial before moving forward with the process. Several health factors can prevent you from being a living donor. These restrictions ensure the safety of both the donor and recipient, as kidney donation involves significant surgery and recovery.
What Would Disqualify You from Donating a Kidney: 10 Essential Factors
Age and General Health Requirements
To be considered a living kidney donor, you must be at least 18 years old. This ensures that your body is fully developed and able to handle the surgery. Additionally, donors must be in good general health. Chronic conditions like heart disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, or kidney disease often disqualify potential donors. These conditions can complicate surgery or pose long-term health risks after donating one kidney.
DC Studio | Freepik | You must be at least 18 years old to be considered a living kidney donor.
Diabetes and Kidney Donation
Diabetes is one of the most common disqualifiers for kidney donation. Diabetes can damage your kidneys over time, making it unsafe to donate. Even if you manage your diabetes well, the long-term risk of kidney disease is high, and removing a kidney may accelerate complications. Therefore, individuals with diabetes, whether Type 1 or Type 2, are typically not eligible to donate.
Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys. If your blood pressure is not controlled with medication or lifestyle changes, it poses a significant risk during and after surgery. Because of this, doctors may disqualify those with hypertension from donating a kidney. However, controlled high blood pressure may not automatically disqualify you, depending on your overall health.
Mental Health Conditions
Certain mental health conditions can also disqualify individuals from kidney donation. If you are being treated for serious psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, severe depression, or bipolar disorder, this may affect your eligibility. Some medications used to treat mental health conditions can increase surgical risks or impact kidney function over time. Mental health evaluations are essential to the donor screening process to ensure you can handle the emotional aspects of kidney donation.
Cancer History
A history of cancer, particularly if it was recent, can be a disqualifying factor. Even after remission, there is a risk that cancer cells could be present and unknowingly transmitted to the recipient through the kidney. In most cases, individuals with active or recent cancer are not eligible to donate. However, a person with a long history of cancer remission may be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Infectious Diseases
Certain infectious diseases can disqualify you from kidney donation. Active infections like HIV, hepatitis, or tuberculosis pose a risk to the recipient, as these diseases can spread through organ transplants. In some cases, kidneys from donors with hepatitis B or C can be given to recipients with the same disease. However, this decision requires careful evaluation by the transplant team.
Obesity
Obesity is another factor that may disqualify a person from donating a kidney. Excess weight can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery. Additionally, obesity increases the chances of developing conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which can impair kidney function in the future. Some transplant centers may ask potential donors to lose weight before proceeding with the donation process.
Towfiqu barbhuiya | Unsplash | Obesity may disqualify a person from donating a kidney.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to complications with kidney donation. These conditions may affect kidney function or increase the risk of complications post-surgery. Doctors will carefully evaluate your medical history to ensure your autoimmune disorder is well-controlled before considering you as a donor.
Smoking and Substance Abuse
Smoking and substance abuse can negatively impact kidney function and overall health. Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of surgical complications. Similarly, substance abuse can harm kidney function, making it unsafe to donate. Many transplant centers require donors to quit smoking or refrain from substance use for a certain period before being considered for kidney donation.
Acute Infections
Even minor infections like the flu or an ear infection can temporarily disqualify you from donating. Any active infection, regardless of severity, must be cleared before undergoing surgery. This ensures that the infection doesn't complicate the procedure or spread to the recipient.
